Researchers have unveiled a novel 3D printing method that utilizes focused ultrasound to fabricate structures directly within living tissues, eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. This technique, termed Deep Tissue In Vivo Sound Printing (DISP), was developed by a team at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and detailed in a recent publication in Science.
The DISP method involves injecting a specially formulated “bio-ink” into the body, which remains inert until activated. By applying focused ultrasound waves, researchers can raise the temperature of targeted regions by approximately 5°C, triggering the bio-ink to solidify into predetermined shapes. This process allows for the creation of customized implants or drug delivery systems within specific tissue sites.
Dr. Wei Gao, a professor of medical engineering at Caltech and senior author of the study, emphasized the technique’s potential: “Our new method enables the printing of various materials deep within tissue, maintaining excellent biocompatibility.”
In experimental models, the team successfully printed drug-loaded hydrogels adjacent to bladder tumors in mice. This localized delivery resulted in significantly higher tumor cell death over several days compared to traditional injection methods.
Beyond oncology, the technique shows promise for applications such as sealing internal wounds and creating bioelectronic interfaces. The ability to fabricate structures within the body without incisions could revolutionize approaches to tissue repair and regenerative medicine.
Traditional in vivo 3D printing techniques often rely on light-based activation, which is limited by poor tissue penetration. Ultrasound, however, can penetrate deeper into tissues, allowing for the fabrication of structures in previously inaccessible areas. Additionally, the use of ultrasound imaging provides real-time monitoring of the printing process, ensuring precision and safety.
While the DISP technique has demonstrated efficacy in small animal models, further research is needed to assess its safety and effectiveness in larger animals and, eventually, human subjects. The research team is optimistic about the potential clinical applications of this technology, envisioning a future where complex medical treatments can be administered with minimal invasiveness.
