New research has shown that sudden muscle cramps during competition are not solely linked to dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, as previously believed. Scientists have determined that the properties of the playing surface play a decisive role in the development of spasms.
Muscle cramps, which frequently interrupt the performance of professional athletes, may be caused by more than just the usual factors like dehydration or electrolyte imbalance. According to a study by scientists at Kennesaw State University in the U.S., the mechanical properties of playing surfaces—their stiffness, elasticity, and degree of wear—are a key factor.
According to the study’s author, Michael Hales, the new data explains why some athletes experience cramps even with proper hydration, while others avoid them even in extreme heat.
Experiments have shown that different types of surfaces have varying effects on muscle and joint function. Unfamiliar loads cause premature neuromuscular fatigue and increase the risk of cramps. Muscles that cross multiple joints, such as the hamstrings, were found to be particularly vulnerable.
Scientists suggest that athletes should be systematically trained on surfaces that mimic the conditions of upcoming competitions. This approach can help reduce fatigue, lower the risk of spasms, and maintain player performance.
In the future, wearable biosensors and machine learning technologies may help predict cramps in real time.
